![]() The basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is influenced by age, sex, height and weight, is defined as the daily rate of energy expenditure needed to preserve vital functions at rest 19, and reflects whole-body energy metabolism 20. Therefore, a study of sarcopenia including young adults, is needed. In Korea, a previous study reported that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.2%, 29.1%, and 42.3% among individuals in the 20–39, 40–64, and over 65-year age groups, respectively 18. (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017). Moreover, the ‘walking practice rate’, which represents the level of PA, decreased by 20% from 60.7% in 2005 to 40.2% in 2018. In addition, the obesity rate increased from 28.1% in 1998 to 37.3% in 2017, especially in young adults. According to the National Institutes of Disease Control, the annual meat consumption per person increased from 11.3 kg in the 1980s to 46.8 kg in 2015, and the rice consumption decreased from 132.4 kg to 62.9 kg. Changes in dietary habits and decreased PA might have resulted in sarcopenia 17. In Korea, there has been a rapid change in lifestyle behaviors since 1980 following the introduction of a westernized diet and the increased popularity of motor vehicles. reported that sarcopenia was significantly associated with the severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) independent of visceral fat and other metabolic confounders, and the association was significantly stronger in younger age group 16. While sarcopenia in older people is primarily associated with frailty, sarcopenia in younger people is associated with metabolic syndrome 15. Moreover, sarcopenia is related to disease susceptibility even in healthy young adults and the elderly 14. Various risk factors including personal factors, chronic health conditions, and lifestyle behaviors are known factors influencing sarcopenia 13. However, sarcopenia currently affects all ages. Many reports have mainly referred to various risk factors of sarcopenia in these susceptible groups. Sarcopenia is known to affect the morbidity and mortality of vulnerable groups such as cancer survivors, those with chronic diseases, and older people aged ≥ 65. Many studies have reported that sarcopenia is an important factor in the development of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and osteoporosis 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. In 2000, the medical cost of sarcopenia increased to close to 1.5% of the total national healthcare expenditure in the USA 2, and in 2017, the World Health Organization listed sarcopenia as a disease and designed an International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code for it (ICD-10-CM, M62.84) 3.Īlthough sarcopenia was first described as a risk factor for physical frailty and disabilities, it is now studied not only in geriatric medicine, but also in a wide range of specialties 4, 5, 6, 7. Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength 1, is an important health issue that has recently attracted increasing attention. Our findings suggest that an adequate balance between energy intake and PA is related to a low risk of sarcopenia, especially in young females. However, high PA was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in the young female group with low energy intake. Both high PA and high EI/BMR were independently related to the reduced risk of sarcopenia and showed additive effects on reducing the risk in young male and older groups. In this study, as EI/BMR increased, the risk of sarcopenia decreased, particularly in the older groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the interaction between EI/BMR and PA. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular lean mass/weight (%) that was 1 standard deviation below the sex-specific mean value for a young reference group. We analyzed 16,313 subjects aged ≥ 19 years who had dual‒energy X-ray absorptiometry data. A second aim was to analyze the interaction between EI/BMR and PA by sex and age. This study evaluates the relationship of the total energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratio (EI/BMR) and physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia. However, many studies have reported factors to prevent sarcopenia only in susceptible groups. Sarcopenia is a common health issue that is not limited to only elderly patients. ![]()
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